Rather Than Being An Interpreter,

In Science Novelty Emerges Only With Difficulty, Manifested By Resistance, Against A Background Provided By Expectation.

No Part Of The Aim Of Normal Science Is To Call Forth New Sorts Of Phenomena; Indeed Those That Will Not Fit The Box Are Often Not Seen At All. Nor Do Scientists Normally Aim To Invent New Theories, And They Are Often Intolerant Of Those Invented By Others.

Normal Science, The Activity In Which Most Scientists Inevitably Spend Most All Their Time, Is Predicated On The Assumption That The Scientific Community Knows What The World Is Like. Normal Science Often Suppresses Fundamental Novelties Because They Are Necessarily Subversive Of Its Basic Commitments.

The Answers You Get Depend Upon The Questions You Ask.

We May... Have To Relinquish The Notion, Explicit Or Implicit, That Changes Of Paradigm Carry Scientists And Those Who Learn From Them Closer And Closer To The Truth... The Developmental Process Described In This Essay Has Been A Process Of Evolution From Primitive Beginnings-a Process Whose Successive Stages Are Characterized By An Increasingly Detailed And Refined Understanding Of Nature. But Nothing That Has Been Or Will Be Said Makes It A Process Of Evolution Toward Anything.